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TUBRAK POULTRY FARMS WELCOME YOU AGAIN,in the CATALOG PAGE
The following information are taken from HENDRIX web site commercial layer,if you need more please go to their web site.
INTRODUCTION
The BOVANS WHITE is a docile, feathersexable White Leghorn which produces superior quality eggs with an excellent feed conversion. All this is the result of many years of genetic research.
The favorable genetic characteristics can only be achieved when the bird is provided with all its requirements. These include, but are not limited to, good quality feed, good housing, and proper management. The purpose of this Management Guide is to assist the producer in providing the necessities.
The information supplied in this publication is based on the analysis of extensive research and field results.
Over a period of time, many egg producers have developed their own management program, based on their specific housing-type, climate, feed, market conditions, etc. This approach may also work very well on the BOVANS.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Prior to Chick Arrival
1. All equipment, including cages, brooders, interior surfaces of the building, and any other equipment used should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
2. All mechanical equipment, feeders, fans, curtains, etc. should be tested and brought into good working condition.
3. Rodent control programs should be strictly enforced when the house is cleaned and empty. The use of baits, tracking powders, and any other control method available should be implemented.
4. Feed from previous flock should be removed and the feed bins, troughs, hoppers, and chains or augers cleaned and dry before the delivery of new feed.
5. Raise the house temperature to 85-88 ط·آ¢ط¢آ° F (29-31 ط·آ¢ط¢آ° C) at least 24 hours prior to chick arrival to ensure the equipment is also warm. The desired relative humidity should be greater than 60%. This humidity level should be maintained for at least three weeks.
6. Set light clocks to 23 hours day length with a light intensity as high as possible. If shadows are being cast onto any waterers, the use of droplights is suggested to eliminate these shadows.
7. Trigger waterers to ensure that they are in working order and set at the proper height.
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:BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Beak Trimming
All pullets should be beak trimmed to ensure low mortality, less feather pulling, and better feed conversion. There are many different beak-trimming programs that are used successfully throughout the world. The following are examples of programs proven to work well on the BOVANS layers.
1). Single beak trim at the hatchery. This procedure is not commonly done. It generally increases the stress on the baby chick and could result in higher early chick mortality and lower uniformity. If a second trim is needed, the advantages of this early trim are eliminated. This program is used on small flocks, flocks delivered short distances, and flocks in environments with complete light control and excellent management.
2). Single beak trim at 7 ط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â‚¬إ“ 10 days. This is commonly used in open-sided pullet houses where the layers are placed in light-controlled environments or where the birds are raised and will lay in light controlled environments.
3). Single beak trim at 5 ط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â‚¬إ“ 7 weeks. This program is commonly used in areas where pullets are raised in light-controlled environments and will produce in environments with some light leakage.
4). Double beak trimming. This program is used is areas where the pullets are raised in non-light controlled environments and will lay in non-light controlled environments.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Vaccination and Disease Control
We have discussed the best method of disease control above in the Isolation and Sanitation section. Ideally, we can prevent disease by eliminating the exposure to a disease-causing agent. Since we know that preventing the exposure of birds to certain disease agents is virtually impossible or highly unlikely, we must use a vaccination program that will provide protection against the disease to which exposure is likely. The diseases to which flocks may be exposed vary throughout the world and therefore you should consult with a veterinary professional familiar with the particular disease exposure conditions in your locality.
In most of the world, Marekط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â€آ¢s Disease, Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bronchitis, Infectious Bursal Disease, Fowl Pox, Laryngotracheitis and Avian Encephalomyelitis are widespread and require routine vaccination. The following is a typical vaccination program:
1 day (In hatchery) Marekط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â€آ¢s Disease SubQ or IM Injection
18 days Newcastle/Bronchitis Water
Infectious Bursal Disease Water
28 days Infectious Bursal Disease Water
35 days Newcastle/Bronchitis Water or Spray
56-70 days Newcastle/Bronchitis Water or Spray
AE/Fowl Pox Wing Web
Laryngotracheitis Eyedrop
91-98 days Newcastle/Bronchitis Spray or Inject
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
FEEDING THE BOVANS WHITE PULLET
The goal of managing the BOVANS WHITE is to attain the greatest number of eggs in the desired weight range at the most efficient cost per dozen or per pound of egg mass. To attain this goal, the birds should be fed correctly during both the growing and egg production phases.
The BOVANS WHITE should be started and maintained on a feed program that provides all the known required nutrients for growth and sexual development. The objective is to be certain that the pullet reaches the target body weight during each week of growth. Uniformity of the body weight is also critical to achieving the goals of efficient and high production. The rations used must be adequate to achieve the targeted body weights and uniformity under normal environmental conditions. Should over-crowding, disease challenges, high temperatures, poor ventilation, etc., stress the birds, a more dense ration may be required to attain the desired results. Always keep your nutritionist or feed company informed of these stresses and the flockط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â€آ¢s feed consumption level so that appropriate adjustments can be made to the formulas.
The feeds used should contain all the essential amino acids, vitamins, energy, and other non-energy nutrients. Body weight measurements of the pullets should be taken beginning at about six weeks of age and taken every two weeks thereafter. The recommended ration for the first six weeks of the birdsط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â€آ¢ life is a Starter ration (See table). If at six weeks of age, the birds are at the target body weight (395 grams or 0.87 lbs.), the ration can be changed to a Grower ration. If, however, the body weights are low, the flock should remain on a starter ration until the 6-week target body weight is attained. The Grower ration is designed to be fed from 6 weeks of age to 10 weeks of age.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
BODY WEIGHT UNIFORMITY
The goal for flock uniformity is that at least 80% of the birds should be within 10% above or below the average body weight for that flock. For example, you weigh 115 birds individually. This should be done using a scale that is in increments of no more than 50 grams (Preferably 20-25 grams). The average weight is 1050 grams for the birds weighed. Thus the 10% cutoff above and below target includes the birds that weigh between 945 grams and 1155 grams. If 95 birds weighed between these limits, the uniformity of the flock would be about 83%. Although good uniformity in no way guarantees good layer performance, it does indicate that the pullet-growing program is adequate.
Water
An adequate supply of clean potable water is essential for the flock. Water is the most essential nutrient provided to the flock and should not be ignored or taken for granted. Water testing should be performed to ensure that the water supply is clean prior to placing the flock.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Delivery Day
1. Encourage the chicks to drink as soon after delivery as possible.
2. Watch chicks for signs of overheating (panting and listlessness) or chilling (huddling and chirping). Adjust temperatures as needed. Remember that chicks that have traveled long distances are thirstier and will drink more water in a short period of time. This will lower the body temperature of the chick and could result in chilling of the chick. Slightly higher house temperatures may be necessary under these circumstances.
3. Use minimum ventilation rates to ensure fresh air and the dilution of pathogens.
Foor Brooding
Brooding chicks on the floor creates certain challenges that need to be addressed. Drafts in a floor house tend to have more effect on the chicks than drafts in a cage house. Drafts should be eliminated to prevent piling and chilling of the chicks. Temperatures under the brooders should be at 90 ط·آ¢ط¢آ° F (32 ط·آ¢ط¢آ° C) when the chicks arrive. Place no more than 500 chicks under a 6- foot brooder and no more than 750 under an eight-foot brooder. Observe the chicks for comfort in the brooder area. If they are cool, they will huddle under the brooder stove. If they are hot they will try to get as far away from the stove as possible. When comfortable, the chicks will be dispersed throughout the brooder ring area.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
LIGHTING PROGRAM
The onset of egg production is stimulated by many factors, the most important being body weight and an increasing number of daylight hours. In the commercial egg industry, we utilize this knowledge to develop lighting programs, which
maximize egg numbers, egg size and overall profitability. To optimize the genetic potential of the BOVANS WHITE egg layer, the following basic light program rules should be followed.
1-Use 23 hours of day length and 20 lux (2-ft. candles) of intensity for the first three days. Be certain that shadows are not cast on the drinkers.
2-Decrease the day length to 22 hours and light intensity to 10-20 lux for days four through seven.
3-The day length should be further decreased to 20 hours for days 8 through 14. Light intensity should be at 10 lux.
4-Decrease the day length to 18 hours for week three. Intensity can be reduced to 5 lux at this time.
5-The day length should be reduced to 16 hours for days 22 through 28. Intensity should remain at 5 lux.
6-Decrease the day length to 14 hours for week five.
7-Decrease the day length to 12 hours for days 36 through 42.
8-On day 43 the flock should remain on a constant day length of 10 hours until the flock reaches the average body weight of 1225 grams. The actual day length for this period may vary depending on the type of housing, time of year, and location of the farm (latitude and longitude).
Note: If at four weeks of age the flock is behind in body weight, the step down program described above can be slowed. To do this, simply do not drop the day length as the schedule recommends for one or two weeks. After that time, resume the program as designed. This will allow the flock extra feeding time and will encourage weight gains.
A-Light controlled grow house to light controlled lay house:
-Use 10-hour day length from day 43 until the flock reaches an average body weight of 1225 grams.
-Increase the day length to 13 hours at this time provided the flock will be moved within 7 days.
-If moving the flock is more than seven days away do not stimulate until 7 days prior to the move.
-Increase the day length to 14 hours, one week after the increase to 13 hours.
-Increase the day length 30 minutes per week until 16 hours of day length has been reached.
B-B. Light controlled grow house to open lay house:
-Use 10-hour day length for growing from day 43 until body weight target of 1225 grams has been achieved.
-Increase the day length to the natural day length when 1225 grams average body weight is reached.
-Increase the day length weekly in equal increments until 16 hours of day length is achieved.
-Note: If maximum natural day length during the year will exceed 16 hours, the day length should be increased to match the maximum natural day length for the lay location. This will ensure that the flock does not experience a decrease in day length during lay.
C-Open grow house to Open lay house:
-Grow these flocks on a day length equivalent to the longest day length between 8 weeks of age and 18 weeks of age.
-When the flock reaches the target body weight for stimulation (1225 grams), increase the day length by at least one hour at 18 weeks or to a minimum of 13 hours.
-Increase the day length weekly until 16 hours of day length has been reached using equal increases.
See Note above under Section B.
D-Open grow house to light controlled lay house:
-Grow these flocks on a day length equivalent to the longest day length between 8 weeks of age and 18 weeks of age.
-Increase the day length by one hour or to at least 13 hours when the flock reaches the target body weight for stimulation (1225 grams).
-Increase the day length weekly until 16 hours of day length has been reached.
To achieve the genetic potential of the BOVANS WHITE, high light intensity is not required. The BOVANS WHITE will lay adequately on dim lights, once they have been able to find the feed and water.
The BOVANS WHITE should be stimulated into egg production regardless of body weight, no later than 19 weeks of age.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Feeding Program
The BOVANS WHITE laying hen should be allowed to consume feed ad libitum until the flock reaches its maximum egg mass output or the desired case weight has been achieved. Feeders should allow for access to feed throughout the morning and evening hours. NO harm is done when the flock is allowed to clean the troughs during the middle part of the day. Body weights are an excellent tool to help determine if feed consumption for the flock is adequate for production and growth. Body weights should continue to increase, although very slowly, throughout the laying cycle. Decreasing body weights should be viewed as an indication that nutrient intake has not been adequate and production may soon suffer. Many nutrition programs successfully utilize the reduction of protein and amino acid density of the diets later in the life of a flock to control egg size and maximize profits. The feeding program that follows is a general guideline and should not be viewed as the only correct feeding program to use on the BOVANS layer. Professional nutritionists are easily accessible and can formulate feeds that meet the needs of all birds available from todayط£آ¢أ¢â€آ¬أ¢â€آ¢s genetic companies.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Water
Sufficient water of good quality must be provided. Test the water from the well before using for the poultry. Water systems should be checked daily and water consumption records should be maintained. Water consumption and feed consumption are excellent indicators of flock health.
After housing young pullets in a layer house, be certain that the birds are using the nipples or cups. Air locks in water lines, shadows on the drinkers, and placement of drinkers outside the cage can results in the flock not getting sufficient water. This could results in poor performance and ultimately in higher than desired mortality. Installing water meters and keeping records of daily water consumption allows for early detection of problems which may occur. As a general rule of thumb, at normal house temperatures (68-82o F / 20-28oC) birds will consume twice as much water as feed eaten.
Lighting
Follow the lighting program as described previously. Be certain that the lighting program setup is synchronized with the lighting program used in the pullet house. Day length hours should never be decreased in the layer house unless molting a flock. If necessary, the maximum day length can be extended to 18 hours.
Intermittent Lighting Program
Intermittent lighting programs have been developed over the years to assist the producer when feed consumption is excessive, egg size is too large, electrical costs are very high, or when pecking mortality and feather loss are a problem. These programs have also been utilized in extremely hot weather to reduce heat generated by bird activity and thereby reducing heat stress mortality.
The most commonly used intermittent lighting program is one that entails dividing each daylight hour into light and dark segments. This program is normally instituted over a period of five weeks and should not be initiated before a flock reaches 35 weeks of age. The first two hours of the day and the last two hours of the day should remain unchanged (have no dark periods). The remaining hours of the day are initially altered to contain 15 minutes of darkness followed by 45 minutes of light. Maintain this change for two weeks to allow the flock to adjust to the added dark periods. The next change alters these daylight hours to 30 minutes of darkness followed by 30 minutes of light. Again maintain this adjustment for two weeks. The final stage of the intermittent lighting program entails each hour of the day (except the first two hours and the last two hours) be divided to be 15 minutes of light and 45 minutes of darkness. The night hours never change during this program, as the birds recognize the longest continuous period of darkness as the day length.
Another method of intermittent lighting is referred to as the block lighting program and entails taking two segments of light out of each day. This program available from the BOVANS Technical Support Department.
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BOVANS WHITE COMMERCIAL LAYERS
Space Recommendations
The BOVANS WHITE is bred to tolerate the challenges of various housing conditions. In general, there is a "happy medium" in regards to how much space a bird needs. The initial investment in housing and equipment is reduced when less space is allocated for each bird. Too little space will reduce performance. Too much space, on the other hand, may result in higher energy costs for warming the building, over consumption of feed may occur, etc. Some countries, in particular those in the European Union, are required by legislation to provide the bird with a set amount of space which may be more than is necessary.
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